开式离心纸浆泵叶轮流道内部流场PIV试验研究

为研究开式纸浆泵叶轮流道内纤维颗粒对液相流场的影响,采用透明有机玻璃材料制造模型样机,以清水和0.1%质量浓度的头发纤维悬浮液为介质,通过PIV试验对叶轮流道内的流动进行可视化研究.试验结果表明:当输送清水介质时,在大流量工况下叶轮流道内流动稳定,未出现旋涡和低速区;在小流量工况下,当叶轮流道旋转到蜗壳隔舌附近位置时,在叶轮流道中段压力面附近开始产生低速区,且低速区随着叶轮流道靠近隔舌位置和流量减小逐渐增大,在远离隔舌位置的叶轮流道内未产生明显的低速区;受叶片扭曲的影响,在叶轮流道内垂直于泵轴的不同截面上的相对速度大小不同,且随着叶片扭曲程度减小,相对速度差减小;输送头发纤维悬浮液介质时,在纤维颗粒的影响下,叶轮流道内的液相流动相对速度降低,导致在小流量工况下叶轮流道中段压力面附近低速区面积增大;在大流量工况下,纤维颗粒存在使液相流动的相对速度大小分布更均匀.     

无源蓄冷控温运输箱设计与试验

针对蓄冷运输箱信息化程度低、控温时间短、控温困难等问题,设计了一款集控温、远程监控、定位、故障诊断等功能于一体的蓄冷运输箱。以脐橙为试验对象,结合能耗模型,对蓄冷控温箱控温性能进行了研究。结果表明,箱内各截面温度不均匀系数分别为0.38、0.47、0.78,温度极差最大值为2.8℃,均匀性较好;当蓄冷剂用量为180 kg,预冷脐橙660 kg,在外部环境平均温度26.39℃的条件下,总控温时长为122 h,风机共执行控温21次,且随着蓄冷量减少,风机开启控温所用时间呈指数上升趋势,决定系数不小于0.928 0;结合能耗模型分析得出,该箱体在广州夏季高温环境下可控温5 d以上,能够满足远距离运输要求。     

LED补光对水稻秧苗素质及其生理特征和产量的影响

采用发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)精确调制光谱能量,研究不同光质对水稻秧苗素质(株高、根长和鲜干重)和生理特征(内源激素、抗氧化酶、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛)的影响,探讨生理特征与秧苗素质和补光移栽后产量的耦合关系。水稻秧苗分别在5种光质下进行补光照射:R (100%红光),B (100%蓝光),RB (80%红光+20%蓝光)RBG_12.5(62.5%红光+25%蓝光+12.5%绿光),RBG₂₅(50%红光+25%蓝光+25%绿光),光量子通量均为1 000μmol·m^-2·s^-1,照射30 d (6 h/d)后采样,并插秧至稻田,以无补光作为对照(CK)。与CK相比,LED补充光源显著(P<0.05)影响水稻秧苗的株高、根长和鲜干重。株高和地上部分干重最大值分别出现在R和RBG_12.5处理,而根长和地下部分干重的最大值均出现在RBG_12.5处理。LED补充光源对内源激素、抗氧化酶、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛的影响程度因光质和植物部位而异。与CK相比,RBG_12.5二显著(P<0.05)提高地上部生长素(IAA)含量和可溶性蛋白含量,B显著(P<0.05)提高地上部超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;RBG_12.5和RBG₂₅显著(P<0.05)提高地下部IAA含量,RBC₂₅显著(P<0.05)提高地下部可溶性蛋白含量和MDA含量。补光移栽后水稻产量的变化趋势与光质对水稻秧苗壮苗指数的影响趋势一致:RBG_12.5> RBG25> RB> B> R> CK。逐步回归分析发现,壮苗指数与地上部赤霉素(GA_3)含量和IAA含量及地下部IAA含量和SOD活性显著正相关;补光移栽后产量与秧苗地上部IAA含量及地下部IAA含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著正相关。LED补充光源通过调节水稻秧苗生理特征影响其素质,且影响效应延续至水稻成熟期。RBG_12.5光源更利于培育水稻壮苗和水稻增产,适宜用作工厂化育秧的补充光源。     

生长素调控因子OsGRF4协同调控水稻粒形和稻瘟病抗性

【目的】水稻粒形为多基因控制的复杂数量性状,同时影响稻谷产量和稻米外观及碾磨品质,挖掘粒形相关基因并解析其遗传机制,对于水稻高产和优质品种选育具有重要意义。【方法】以前期利用大粒籼稻品种特大籼(TDX)为供体亲本、小粒粳稻品种日本晴(Nipponbare,NPB)为轮回亲本获得的一个大粒近等基因系,在水稻第2染色体上初定位粒形调控基因GS2.2(grain size 2.2)的基础上,对GS2.2基因进行了精细定位和候选功能基因的克隆鉴定。【结果】利用BC₄F₂群体中2887份极小粒单株及该群体中70份基因型杂合的大粒单株自交获得的BC₄F₃群体,将GS2.2基因精细定位在2M-7-1与2M-9之间的160.6 kb的区间内。该区间编码18个基因开放阅读框(ORF1-18)。测序发现ORF18基因在大粒近等基因系与小粒日本晴等位基因间存在5个SNP差异,ORF18编码生长素调控因子蛋白OsGRF4。采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术对大粒近等基因系中ORF18进行敲除,发现ORF18敲除株系粒长变短,证实ORF18是GS2.2的功能基因。进一步对ORF18大粒近等基因系和基因编辑敲除株系进行稻瘟菌室内离体和病圃接种鉴定,发现ORF18大粒近等基因系稻瘟病抗性增强,而基因编辑敲除株系稻瘟病抗性减弱,表明ORF18正调控水稻稻瘟病抗性。【结论】本研究发现的生长素调控因子OsGRF4协同调控水稻粒形和稻瘟病抗性,为协调水稻高产和抗性育种提供了重要的基因资源。     

籼型优质三系香稻不育系广泰A的选育及应用

广泰A是广东省农业科学院水稻研究所以保持系中间材料荣丰B//米31/W254为母本,具有香味的保持系中间材料天丰B/粤丰B为父本进行杂交,然后通过分子标记辅助选择具有香味且直链淀粉较低的F3代株系与印尼水田谷胞质不育系荣丰A测交,后经连续回交转育而成的优质香稻不育系。该不育系具有败育彻底、育性稳定、柱头外露率高、异交习性好、配合力好等特点,米质达部颁标准优质1级,2016年10月通过广东省种子管理总站组织的专家技术鉴定,目前已经组配出广泰优华占、广泰优粤农丝苗、广泰优736、广泰优7170、广泰优秋占、广泰优天弘丝苗、广泰优航0799等多个组合通过国家和省级品种审定。     

Transport of cadmium from soil to grain in cereal crops: A review

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, many soils for crop production are contaminated by cadmium(Cd), a heavy metal highly toxic to many organisms. Cereal crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and barley are the primary dietary source of Cd for humans, and reducing Cd transfer from soil to their grains is therefore an important issue for food safety. During the last decade, great progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Cd transport, particularly in rice. Inter-and intraspecific variations in Cd accumulation have been observed in cereal crops. Transporters for Cd have been identified in rice and other cereal crops using genotypic differences in Cd accumulation and mutant approaches. These transporters belong to different transporter families and are involved in the uptake, vacuolar sequestration, root-to-shoot translocation, and distribution of Cd. Attempts have been made to reduce Cd accumulation in grains by manipulating these transporters through overexpression or knockout of the transporter genes, as well as through marker-assisted selection breeding based on genotypic differences in Cd accumulation in the grains. In this review, we describe recent progress on molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in cereal crops and compare different molecular strategies for minimizing Cd accumulation in grains.     

垂直轴风力机翼型涡流噪声的数值分析

为了了解垂直轴风力机翼型涡流噪声特性,以LUT翼型为研究对象,首先利用Fluent进行流场分析,流场计算选用DES湍流模型,再结合Lighthill声类比方法计算翼型周围声场,将数值模拟计算得到的气动特性相关数据与该翼型的风洞试验结果作对比分析,同时分析了不同攻角对该翼型气动噪声特性的影响,最后研究了在攻角为8°时不同雷诺数对该翼型的声压级指向性特征影响.结果表明:数值计算所得气动数据与风动试验数据拟合良好,建立的仿真模型、网格质量和边界条件合理有效;随攻角增加,翼型涡脱落从尾缘向前缘推进,同时涡流脱落强度增大,气动噪声增强;随着雷诺数的增加,翼型四周声压级先增加后减小;雷诺数与声压级关联较大,控制叶片雷诺数有助于降低叶片噪声,为该翼型适用于低噪声垂直轴叶片提供理论基础.     

油茶内生拮抗细菌的筛选、鉴定及防效

为筛选出对油茶炭疽菌有拮抗效果的生防菌株，以油茶健康叶为对象，平板对峙法筛选，利用形态和生理生化特征以及16S rDNA基因和gyrA基因序列对菌株进行鉴定，测定其抑菌活性，并将该菌株与枯草芽胞杆菌Y13复配进行林间防效试验。结果表明，对油茶炭疽病菌拮抗作用效果较强的内生菌株为HBMC—B05；菌落为乳白色，不透明，边缘不整齐，中间有凸起；分子鉴定结果显示菌株HBMC—B05为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis，其对果生炭疽菌Collectotrichum fructicola，抑菌率可达到81.31%，对另外3种油茶炭疽病病原菌抑菌率可达到70%以上，对其他4种致病菌也有抑制作用；复合菌剂对油茶病害的田间防治效果达到59%以上。该菌株的抑菌具有广谱性，可为油茶病害的生物防治扩充菌种资源，具有广泛的应用前景。     

有机及常规栽培条件对不同优良食味水稻品种的产量和品质影响试验

通过试验比较各水稻品种在有机及常规栽培条件下的产量和品质,筛选适宜靖江市推广栽培的优良食味水稻品种。试验结果表明:相同品种在常规栽培下整精米率较高,加工品质较好;在有机栽培条件下,稻米外观品质较好,垩白粒率较低,垩白度较低。     

Cotton Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Fusion Method of Markov Random Field and Quantum Particle Swarm Cluster

[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the cotton image segmentation accuracy in a picking robot image processing system. [Method] An image segmentation algorithm based on a fusion method of Markov random field and quantum particle swarm optimization clustering was proposed. The process of the proposed algorithm is as follows: first, transform the RGB (red, green, blue) images into grayscale; second, use it to segment these images; finally, the threshold of the connected area is set on the basis of the segmented image to obtain the target area. Then, the cotton front image and the cotton side image are selected from the images collected from different angles. The segmentation experiment was carried out by using this algorithm, and compared with the Otsu algorithm, the fuzzy C-means algorithm, the quantum particle swarm image segmentation algorithm and the Markov random field image segmentation algorithm. [Result] The results showed that the segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm were 98.94% and 77.48 dB. When compared with the Otsu algorithm, fuzzy C-means algorithm, quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm and Markov random field algorithm, the average segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm increased by 2.47%–4.56%, and 9.81–13.11 dB, respectively. [Conclusion] The proposed algorithm had higher segmentation accuracy and higher peak signal to noise ratio than the other algorithms tested.